{"product_id":"the-universal-enemy-1","title":"The Universal Enemy","description":"\u003cp\u003eNo contemporary figure is more demonized than the Islamist foreign fighter who wages jihad around the world. Spreading violence, disregarding national borders, and rejecting secular norms, so-called jihadists seem opposed to universalism itself. In a radical departure from conventional wisdom on the topic, \u003ci\u003eThe Universal Enemy\u003c\/i\u003e argues that transnational jihadists are engaged in their own form of universalism: these fighters struggle to realize an Islamist vision directed at all of humanity, transcending racial and cultural difference.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnthropologist and attorney Darryl Li reconceptualizes jihad as armed transnational solidarity under conditions of American empire, revisiting a pivotal moment after the Cold War when ethnic cleansing in the Balkans dominated global headlines. Muslim volunteers came from distant lands to fight in Bosnia-Herzegovina alongside their co-religionists, offering themselves as an alternative to the US-led international community. Li highlights the parallels and overlaps between transnational jihads and other universalisms such as the War on Terror, United Nations peacekeeping, and socialist Non-Alignment. Developed from more than a decade of research with former fighters in a half-dozen countries, \u003ci\u003eThe Universal Enemy\u003c\/i\u003e explores the relationship between jihad and American empire to shed critical light on both.\u003c\/p\u003e\n","brand":"Darryl Li","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53615225307516,"sku":"9781503610873","price":23.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0251\/4980\/0541\/files\/9781503610873_fc25e889-98ed-4774-806e-f2be74f72b8c.jpg?v=1727349132","url":"https:\/\/combined-academic.myshopify.com\/products\/the-universal-enemy-1","provider":"Combined Academic Publishers - Mare Nostrum Group","version":"1.0","type":"link"}